Candide Quotes From Voltaires Novella

Voltaire offers his satirical view of society and nobility in Candide, a novel that was published first in France in 1759 and is often considered the authors most important work—representative of the Enlightenment period. Also known as Candide: or, the Optimist in its English translation, the novella begins with a young man being indoctrinated by optimism and follows the character as he faces the harsh reality outside of his protected upbringing. Ultimately, the work concludes that optimism must be approached realistically, as opposed to the indoctrinated approach of his Leibnizian teachers who thought all is for the best or best of all possible worlds. Read on to explore a few of the quotes from this great literary work below, in order of their appearance in the novella. The Indoctrination and Sheltered Beginnings of Candide Voltaire begins his satirical work with a not-too-kind observation of what we are taught is right in the world, from the idea of wearing glasses to the concept of being pantless, all under the lens of all is for the best: Observe that noses were made to wear spectacles, and so we have spectacles. Legs were visibly instituted to be breeched, and we have breeches. Stones were formed to be quarried and to build castles; and My Lord has a very noble castle; the greatest Baron in the province should have the best house; and as pigs were made to be eaten, we eat pork all year round; consequently, those who have asserted all is well talk nonsense; they ought to have said that all is for the best.—Chapter One But when Candide leaves his school and enters the world outside his safe home, he is confronted with armies, which he finds splendid as well, for different reasons: Nothing could be smarter, more splendid, more brilliant, better drawn up than two armies...Trumpets, fifes, hautboys, drums, cannons, formed a harmony such as never been heard in hell (Chapter Three). Bitingly, he comments in Chapter Four: If Columbus in an island of America had not caught the disease, which poisons the source of generation, and often indeed prevents generation, we should not have chocolate and cochineal. Later, he also adds that Men...must have corrupted nature a little, for they were not born wolves, and they have become wolves. God did not give them twenty-four-pounder cannons or bayonets, and they have made bayonets and cannons to destroy each other. On Ritual and Public Good As the character Candide explores more of the world, he observes the great irony of optimism, that it is a selfish act even as it is a selfless one to want more for the public good. In Chapter Four Voltaire writes ...and private misfortunes make the public good, so that the more private misfortunes there are, the more everything is well. In Chapter Six, Voltaire comments on the rituals performed in the local communities: It was decided by the University of Coimbra that the sight of several persons being slowly burned in great ceremony is an infallible secret for preventing earthquakes. This makes the character consider what could possibly be worse than that cruel form of ritual if the Leibnizian mantra held true: If this is the best of all possible worlds, what are the others? but later conceded that his teacher Pangloss deceived me cruelly when he said that all is for the best in the world. Involving Suffering Voltaires work had a tendency to discuss the taboo, to comment on the parts of society others dare not in more straightforward works than his satire. For this reason, Voltaire controversially  stated in Chapter Seven, A lady of honor may be raped once, but it strengthens her virtue, and later in Chapter 10 expanded on the idea of triumphing over worldly suffering as a personal virtue of Candide: Alas! My dear... unless you have been raped by two Bulgarians, stabbed twice in the belly, have had two castles destroyed, two fathers and mothers murdered before your eyes, and have seen two of your lovers flogged in an auto-da-fe, I do not see how you can surpass me; moreover, I was born a Baroness with seventy-two quarterings and I have been a kitchen wench. Further Questioning of Mans Value on Earth In Chapter 18, Voltaire once again visits the idea of ritual as a folly of mankind, jeering at the monks: What! Have you no monks to teach, to dispute, to govern, to intrigue and to burn people who do not agree with them? and later in Chapter 19 posits that Dogs, monkeys, and parrots are a thousand times less miserable than we are and The malevolence of men revealed itself to his mind in all of its ugliness. It was at this point that Candide, the character, realized that the world is almost wholly lost to some evil creature, but there is a practical optimism in being adaptable to what the world still offers in its limited goodness, as long as one realizes the truth of where mankind has come to: Do you think... that men have always massacred each other, as they do today? Have they always been liars, cheats, traitors, brigands, weak, flighty, cowardly, envious, gluttonous, drunken, grasping, and vicious, bloody, backbiting, debauched, fanatical, hypocritical, and silly?—Chapter 21 Closing Thoughts from Chapter 30 Ultimately, after years of travel and hardships, Candide asks the ultimate question: would it be better to die or to continue doing nothing: I should like to know which is worse, to be raped a hundred times by Negro pirates, to have a buttock cut off, to run the gauntlet among the Bulgarians, to be whipped and flogged in an auto-da-fà ©, to be dissected, to row in a  galley, in short, to endure all the miseries through which we have passed, or to remain here doing nothing?—Chapter 30 Work, it is, then, that Voltaire posits will keep the mind occupied from the eternal pessimism of reality, the understanding that all of mankind has been dominated by an evil creature bent on war and destruction rather than peace and creation for, as he puts it in Chapter 30,  Work keeps at bay three great evils: boredom, vice, and need. Let us work without theorizing, Voltaire says, ...tis  the only way to make life endurable.

The Theory Of The Human Development - 993 Words

Part 1: Of the four major psychological theories (ecological, behavioral, humanistic, psychoanalytic), which one(s) is/are most closely aligned with your personal belief system? All four major Psychological theories are very significant, but based on my reading about all of them, I can convey that the ecological theory is the most closely aligned with my personal belief system. Part 2: Why? I chose this theory because it states that a person’s development is influenced by everything in the surrounding environment, such as: family values, home, peers, school, and neighborhood, among others biological factors that play the dynamic roles in the human development. I will try to explain it in a more simply way†¦.and to be honest, I don’t truly like the way the books describes it. It was formulated by the renowned psychologist Urie Bronfenbrenner. The ecological systems theory embraces that we encounter diverse environments throughout our lifespan that may influence our behavior in varying points. These systems consist of different aspects or levels of the environment: the microsystem, the mesosystem, the exosystem and the macrosystem. The microsystem s setting is the direct surroundings, we have in our lives and it is the small, close environment a child subsists in. The ecological theory alleged that everything around a specific student cause influence in his behavior. As a teacher, we have little or no control over all the systems mentioned in this theory. However, we canShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Human Development Theory1642 Words   |  7 PagesHuman development theories are theories intended to account for how and why people become, as they are. These theories provide the framework to clarify and organize existing observations and to try to explain and predict human behavior. It is important to recognize the complexity of human development and the theories that explain human development. (Berger, pg. 23). The three theories that have influenced by development are Jean Piaget’s Cognitive Theory, Abraham Maslow’s Humanism and Erik Erikson’sRead MoreTheories And Theories Of Human Develop ment1337 Words   |  6 Pages10/11/17 Principles of Human Development Paper #1 The concepts and theories of human development are important for a school counselor to have knowledge on. Knowledge on these topics can aid the counselor in better understanding the circumstances of their students. There are three main developmental sections which will be discussed in this paper. Those three include physical development, cognitive development, and social development. Each section contains multiple theories and concepts that wouldRead MoreThe Theories Of Human Development774 Words   |  4 PagesTheories of Human development are relevant and matter in the â€Å"real world†. In my clinical practice as a psychologist-in-training, I have found human development theories to be very useful in conceptualizing and understanding my client’s distress. I used theoretical frameworks that are based on theories of human development to guide my interventions in therapy. For example, as a brief psychodynamic clinician, I look to Freud’s theory of anxiety to und erstand how distress was developed for my clientsRead MoreThe Theory Of Human Development1060 Words   |  5 PagesTheories of human development deliver a framework to deliberate human growth, development, and learning. Understanding the theories can deliver useful contents into individuals and society a set of principles and concepts that describe life span development. Development perspectives are the psychoanalytic theory, behavior theory, humanistic approach and cognitive theory. Each theory focuses on different aspects of human development. The psychoanalytic is â€Å"the approach stating that behavior is motivatedRead MoreThe Theory Of Human Development1196 Words   |  5 PagesAssociation 2009 define biopsychosocial as â€Å"the systematic integration of the biological, psychological and social approaches of the study of mental health and specific mental disorders (p.48).† The human lifespan is primary base of the human grow process that start with the reproduction , the process of the human body, the brain and internal organs that are developing during the pregnancy, birth, early, middle, and late childhood, adolescence, early, middle, and late adulthood until the end of life. AdditionallyRead MoreTheories Of Human Development1401 Words   |  6 PagesHuman development is an active process resulting from interactions between an individual and their environment. The processes involved in an individual’s development and overall life outcomes are complex, everchanging, and unique. 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Erikson has an eight stage theory of human development which describes the process from birth to death and the crisis of each stage bringsRead MoreThe Theory Of Human Development2240 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction The concept of human development has been explored and researched by many psychologists and scholars for centuries through the entire human history. The research done by this group of people has found out a lot about human development. This is a topic that concerns every member of the society and that’s why researchers are interested in it. Development is a topic that can be viewed from different angles. For instance, there are economists who understand human development based on a person’sRead MoreThe Theory Of Human D evelopment Essay1627 Words   |  7 PagesHuman ‘development’ does not exist in stasis – it is constantly in flux. 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Coping with Death Free Essays

Existentialists and intellectuals relatively have similar views about certain things. Existentialists are intellectuals while some intellectuals can be existentialists. However, there are instances when their philosophies can reveal differences which make them stand out and identify themselves. We will write a custom essay sample on Coping with Death or any similar topic only for you Order Now This paper aims to discuss how one is likely to cope with the issue of death in an existential and intellectual point of view. Coping with Death Death has been the most absolute event that is bound to happen to human beings even before they were born. It is one constant thing that will be waiting at the end no matter how well or bad we live our lives. Throughout life, there are inevitable instances when we are forced to cope with the death of someone, whether a stranger’s, relative’s, or plainly, the thought of ours. Since existential views root from the idea of existentialism and intellectual views from intellectualism, let us first identify the distinction between these two philosophies. One of the most famous existentialists in history is the French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre. He defined existentialism as a philosophy which focuses on the existence of man alone and not on his essence or for any other purpose. He argued that man exists without meaning or definition. However, he stated that essence and meaning only manifest later in our lives. It is through our decisions that we come to begin the definition of our existence (Earnshaw, 2006, p. 74). Clearly, it is evident in his argument that religion is out of the picture. In the book Existentialism, Steven Earnshaw quoted Sartre’s (2006) claim: If man as the existentialist sees him is not definable, it is because to begin with he is nothing. He will not be anything until later, and then he will be what he makes of himself (p. 74). Based on the definition by Sartre, it is now reasonable to say that existentialists view death as something that just happens without any meaning at all. If we are to cope with it existentially, it can be claimed that death is a fearful event because it does not provide a sensible reason. It does not label our meaning; rather, death ends it. On the other hand, there are also existential arguments with regard to death which claims that death is necessary to remind us of â€Å"possibilities. † Without death, one would not be obliged to be cautious in his/her decisions because that individual has all the time in the world to do them in â€Å"trial and error. † Now, we move on to intellectualism. This philosophy is actually quite self-explanatory in nature. An intellectual acts in accordance to reason. Similar to existentialism, intellectualism also disregards the involvement of religion, for religion is based on faith which is unfounded with solid evidences. Nonetheless, intellectuals can have different ways of coping with death. Since reason is more complex than the idea of â€Å"existence comes first† by Sartre, intellectuals can vary in their opinion of death. As for me, if I am to cope with death intellectually, I can start off by going back to the theory of evolution. As rational and mortal animals, we are capable of deteriorating because of several conditions such as diseases, old age, natural disaster, etc. Hence, death is a cycle which is scientifically normal and inevitable. Most likely, if one is to view the concept of death either existentially or intellectually, he or she is still subject to fear its arrival. However, there is a loophole in both of the arguments because the root of our existence is still questionable. They can bring up the Big Bang or the Theory of Evolution, but as far as I am concerned, there is no solid evidence of the first inhabitants on earth. As long as theories have not been proved with concrete evidence, there is no way that we can reach the answers about life and death. In any case, existentialism and intellectualism do not provide the perfect way to cope with issues like death. What they can only provide is the flailing argument that we are considered materials which have the capability to break down and crash at any point in time. Would it not be better to accept death knowing that something unimaginable is waiting for us? How to cite Coping with Death, Papers

Animal Testing (897 words) Essay Example For Students

Animal Testing (897 words) Essay Animal TestingTraditionally, animals have been used to ensure the safety of our consumerproducts and drugs. Yet around the world, scientists, regulators and animalprotectionists work together to develop alternatives to their use. The use ofanimals in the life sciences dates back to ancient Greece and the earliestmedical experiments. To learn about swallowing, physicians cut open into thethroat of a living pig. To study the beating heart, they cut open into its chest. For centuries physicians and researchers used animals to enhance theirknowledge about how the various organs and systems of the bodyfunctioned, as well as to hone their surgical skills. As long as animals havebeen used in experiments, people have expressed concerns about suchresearch. Questions about the morality, necessity, and scientific validity ofanimal experiments have arisen since those ancient physicians first began tostudy bodily functions. Alternatives are methods, which refine existing tests byminimizing animal distress, reduce the number of animals necessary for anexperiment or replace whole animal use with vitro or other tests. Whilevivisection has received more attention and funding, clinical andepidemiological (studying the natural course of disease within humanpopulation) studies have had a much more profound impact on human health. In fact, clinical and epidemiological evidence linking smoking to lung cancerwas established long before warnings of the dangers of smoking werereleased to the general public. Because animal experimentation failed to eachthe same conclusion, warning labels on cigarettes were delayed for years!During this time hundreds of people died from lung cancer because the resultsof animal experimentation were considered more valid than studies of humanpatients. Animal based research is the science of the past. There are anumber of alternatives available to modern researchers, which are lessexpensive, more reliable, and ethically sound. They provide results rapidly,experimental parameters are easily controlled, and their focus on the cellularand molecular levels of the life process provides more useful informationabout chemicals and drugs. High Productive Volume Tests, test a minimalamount of a product on an abundant amount of animals. Two hundred babyrats, just three weeks old are placed in wi re bottomed stainless steelcages. Twice daily Monday thru Friday, laboratory workers pull the smallmammals from their cages, force steel clamps into their mouths to hold theirjaws apart and swab their teeth with an anti cavity dental chemical. Afterthree weeks, the workers kill the baby rats by cutting off their teeth. Theprocedures are called Biological Tests for Tests Flouride Dentifrices and:Determination of Animal Carries Reduction puzzling terms to most of us. But the meaning is deadly to animals. The officials who order this test workfor the U. S. government s FDA has made exceptions for manufacturers,including Toms of Maine, that wanted to market new toothpastes withoutany tests on animals. If some companies can manufacture safe, effective anti cavity toothpastes without using any animals, why cant all dental productcompanies stop killing animals? Philosopher Jeremy Bentham sounded therallying cry for animals everywhere: The question is not, can they reason, norcan they talk, but can they suffer? The Animal Welfare Act sets standardsfor the housing, handling, feeding, and transportation of experimental animals,but places no limitations whatsoever on the actual experimental conditionsand procedures continue to challenge, whether human beings have the right touse animals for any purpose. The HPV Program sounds so important,right? Wrong! Because no resulting action will be taken against the chemicalsinvolved in this program. Instead of prot ecting the public from hazardouschemicals, the EPA will inform us of how quickly mice and rabbits died whenforce fed a chemical, or how many mouse pups were stillborn after theirmother was force fed massive quantities of already known toxic chemicals. .ub0e57ebccfc0085c9d495c335606572b , .ub0e57ebccfc0085c9d495c335606572b .postImageUrl , .ub0e57ebccfc0085c9d495c335606572b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub0e57ebccfc0085c9d495c335606572b , .ub0e57ebccfc0085c9d495c335606572b:hover , .ub0e57ebccfc0085c9d495c335606572b:visited , .ub0e57ebccfc0085c9d495c335606572b:active { border:0!important; } .ub0e57ebccfc0085c9d495c335606572b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub0e57ebccfc0085c9d495c335606572b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub0e57ebccfc0085c9d495c335606572b:active , .ub0e57ebccfc0085c9d495c335606572b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub0e57ebccfc0085c9d495c335606572b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub0e57ebccfc0085c9d495c335606572b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub0e57ebccfc0085c9d495c335606572b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub0e57ebccfc0085c9d495c335606572b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub0e57ebccfc0085c9d495c335606572b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub0e57ebccfc0085c9d495c335606572b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub0e57ebccfc0085c9d495c335606572b .ub0e57ebccfc0085c9d495c335606572b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub0e57ebccfc0085c9d495c335606572b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Sylvan Island EssayEvery medical advancement has not been a result of animal testing. Resultsderived from animal experiments have had a very minimal effect on thedramatic rise of life expectancy can be attributed mainly to changes inlifestyles, environmental factors, and improvements in sanitation. Manymedical schools in the U. S. do not use animals in the training of medicalstudents. They include: NYU, University of Michigan, and SUNYStonybrook. Actually, most of the medical schools which do use animalsallow students the option of foregoing the animal labs. This is because theyclearly acknowledge that such labs are not necessary for the training ofdoctors. When a newly re leased drug hits the market, regardless of howmany animal tests have been done, those individuals who first use it arehuman guinea pigs. Animal tests are not good indicators of what will occurin humans. It has been due, in large part , to the tension between researcherswho view laboratory animals as essential to their work and individuals whooppose animal tests that the modern alternatives movement has evolved. Themovement began quietly, in 1959, with the publication of The Principles ofHumane Experimental Technique by British researchers W. Russell and R. Burch. Russell and Burch advocated the three Rs of replacement,reduction, and refinement. In the 1980s and 1990s, their philosophy hasenabled researchers and animal welfare advocates to come together with acommon goal: to find scientifically valid alternatives to animal tests. Inconclusion, as proven by the Toms of Maine Co., and with the approval ofthe FDA, products can be marketed without the immoral practices of animalcruelty. As a form of life, animals acquire natural rights, one being the right tolive, not to be exploited and exposed to pain. As best said by animal activistJon Evans: To inflict cruelties on defenseless creatures, or condone suchacts, is to abuse one of the cardinal tenets of a civilized society reverencefor life. Speech and Communications