White Oleander Essays - White Oleander, Astrid Peth, Claire Bennet

White Oleander Essays - White Oleander, Astrid Peth, Claire Bennet White Oleander White Oleander, a sensational fiction by Janet Fitch, was distributed by Little, Brown and Company in Boston. The story is about a mother and little girl, Ingred and Astrid have an extremely irregular relationship. Ingred cherishes her girl however never asks her what she suspects as much in this way doesn't have any acquaintance with her little girl excessively well. For example, she doesn't know about her girl's longing for a dad. Ingred makes it extremely evident that she won't permit herself to draw near to a man. She is a splendid, delightful artist, who is revered by a man named Barry Kolker. He goes to every last bit of her readings, and asks her out each time. One of the occasions Barry welcomes her to go to the Gamelan, an ensemble. Cherishing the Gamelan, she acknowledges. Her and Astrid join Barry, and they start talking more. They begin going out additional, yet each time she makes and stands by guidelines, for example, he will welcome her to eat after an occasion where they had not moved toward eating and she will cannot, on the grounds that she doesn't prefer to get appended to men, and wouldn't like to invest any longer energy than she had just designated. Out of nowhere, her principles begin reducing. Once, there was a thump at her entryway, and it was Barry. She contemplated internally, 'how could he simply come without a greeting?'. At the point when she opened the entryway (a blade in her grasp), he had a container of wine, and sack of something that smelled wonderful. Shockingly she accomplished something least anticipated. She welcomed him in. One night Barry said he would be over to her home at 9 and never appeared. So the following day, Ingred appeared unannounced at Barry's and she headed inside and they had intercourse. Following, he revealed to Ingred she needed to leave since he had a date coming. She needed to look for retribution. She fired appearing at each spot he was at. She broke into his home. He attempted to go to her home and make her stop the gibberish. He took a stab at driving his way in her home, and she wounded him in the hand. He left, and the following day she went to his home, where she discovered he had ch anged the locks. She broke in and set white oleanders in his milk, clam sauce and curds, and one in his toothpaste. She made a game plan of white oleanders on his table, and dissipated sprouts on his bed. A cop went to Ingred's home, and disclosed to her that Barry is blaming her for breaking and entering, and attempting to harm him. She serenely expressed that Barry is irate with her. She said a final farewell to him and that he was unable to get over her. Ingred and Astrid took outing to Tijuana and Ingred purchased a container of medication called, DMSO, which assists drugs with engrossing through your skin (DMSO helps nicotine patches work), and uses that to harm him. He kicks the bucket. Ingred is in the long run set in prison, leaving Astrid to hop from cultivate home to encourage home. Her first cultivate home is with a mother named Star. Star is a curvy, and leggy, ex-coke someone who is addicted turned Christian. Star has a sweetheart named Ray, and Astrid goes gaga for him. Astrid, 13, takes part in an extramarital entanglements with the 40-something Ray. Star gets desirous of their fellowship and gets dubious. At some point, Star comes in, in an intoxicated anger and shoots Astrid. Astrid is promptly evacuated and put in a subsequent home, the home of Ed and Marble Turlock. At this home, she was dealt with like a slave. She had to clean and infant sit, and was never indicated any warmth, and was never acquainted with anybody. Astrid warms up to a dark neighbor, named Olivia Johnston, who the partial Marble denounces a hooker. At the point when Marble finds that Astrid is companions with her, Marble pummels her, and she by and by gets moved, which she discovers at school, with her sacks previously pressed for her, and no possibility to state farewells. The third house, was a major, lovely domain. Amelia, the non-permanent mother took in young ladies as slaves, and when she would leave, she

Australian artist Free Essays

The regular marvel or contemporary craftsmanship is workmanship made since World War II or the workmanship made or created at the present point in time. Since twentieth century the regular concern was and is the thing that establishes of craftsmanship. Contemporary craftsmanship isn't in every case simple for it takes an individual to the core of numerous belief systems and issues. We will compose a custom exposition test on Australian craftsman or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now Furthermore, for our case it encourages Australian masses to know their past, present and future. (Crosskey 77) National character was an issue the Australians contended about in 1990s the images, pictures speaking to Australians experience and history. Specialists center around images or issues that we ourselves don't treat with reality e. g. rural houses or even affirmation of indigenous Australians encounters. Workmanship show invites questions yet in addition an impression of qualities, history and way of life. (Daly 188) Australian Art Australian native craftsmanship and post pilgrim workmanship are grouped under specialty of Australia. In both western conventions and indigenous customs Australia has delivered recognized craftsmen. The joining subject for the two chronicles of Australian workmanship is the holiness and significance of the land. (Smith 42) Early pioneer workmanship when taken to Europe was gotten with distrust. John Lewin was the main occupant proficient Australian craftsman; he showed up in 1800 and had two distributions on characteristic history of workmanship. In common history, in 830 particularly there was some ethnographic likeness of Aboriginals. (Lindsay 138) There has been a slow change since 1788 in Australian craftsmanship from an European feeling of light to an Australian one. Lighting sense in European vary from Australian this is thought about early endeavors at scenes. In 1835 to 1878 Conrad Martens an expert craftsman painted numerous scenes which made him monetarily fruitful. His work on scene was viewed mellowed to fit European passionate reaction. John Glover was another huge scene craftsman of this time. (Pratt 69, 240) In 1840s endeavors of craftsmanship presentations were made and figured out how to pull in certain specialists yet there monetary troubles. Ordinary presentation became advanced by 1850s with colossal showcase of different expressions. (Lindsay 138) Decorative craftsmanship, for example, water shading painting, scaled down, and useful articles, for example, urns, before second war I turned out to be increasingly well known in Australia. Innovator workmanship after World War I started to be felt and cause questions among depreciators and its professionals. (Wood 30) Archibald Prize the most renowned workmanship prize was established in 1921 despite the fact that meaning of likeness has consistently respected contradictions. There was obvious cross fertilization of Aboriginal and western workmanship in 1930s and 1940s, after Australian inside was opened. (Craftsmanship Gallery of New South Wales 19-22) Artists in 1940s started to attempt different styles, for example, Surrealism and others. John Brack brought to consideration rural scene; there was an expanded scene painting. Brett Whitely a Sydney craftsman was one of the realized painters till his dying in 1992. (Biennale of Sydney, 102) Papunya Tula School or ‘dot art’ created after Geoffrey Bardon an instructor in 1971-1972 persuaded the Aboriginal individuals of Papunya to paint their fantasy time accounts on canvas, one of notable craftsman of ‘dot art’ is Clifford Possum. Spot Art style workmanship has gotten very much perceived all through the world. Some of notable contemporary Australian craftsman have dynamically utilized video and photography I. e. Tracy Moffat in their work. (Craftsmanship Gallery of New 50-62) Native specialists that utilize western in the middle of have been perceived universally and seen as late time extraordinary painters’ model being Freddy Timms. The Australian war dedication has some approved war specialists, for example, Rick Amor and others for East Timor peacekeeping strategic, Miller in the 2003 Iraq War. (Bosch 90) Artists Imants Tiller Diaspora of Imants Tiller workmanship took a regular marvel that was ignored. Diaspora implies a dispersal of people of same national convictions or inception. Diaspora was a progression of Imants Tillers in 1990s which he portrayed as another model in his work. His four work of art were identifying with dislodging of people from their unique place that is known for your introduction to the world because of colonization and different societies blend which makes the most piece of the accounts and heritages of these social orders in the twentieth century. For individuals in Australian and New Zealand nations Diaspora is inbuilt in production of the general public that they are today. (McCulloch 776) Imants artworks were Diaspora 1992, Izklied 1994, Paradiso 1994 and goodbye to reason 1996. What was prominent about Tillers artistic creations was the manner in which one major composition had little one close to one another. The feeling that is made by Tillers distinctive cooperation of his four fine arts is that one of universes inside universes, moving in various courses inside each work and starting with one then onto the next. This works are according to Till progressing enthusiasm to turn over proclaimed belief systems on fringe and focal point of North America and Europe and on one side and relatively unclear places on the â€Å"world stage’ e. g. Lavitia, Australia, and New Zealand. While the freedom of Baltic States was a facilitator for Tillers four arrangement, his works incorporate a more extensive fixation in the insider/outcast riddle across limits. (McCulloch 776) His work likewise notes reoccurring patterns of misfortune, fresh starts and require conceding differed voices. A non-Balt or Balt that watched the extraordinary master autonomy dissents in 1988 to 1991 won't recollect them and the incredible moving effect they had; the tears, the tunes, the feeling of freedom as masses had the option to absolute open things which in forty years they were apprehensive even to moan covertly; ‘For you will know reality and it will set you free’ Anatol Lievin. (Rowley 192-193) Diaspora 1992 Tillers painting Diaspora 1992 was a response to the hypothetical political occasions in 1990 in Lavitia (Home country to his folks). Tillers association with Lavitia was hazy his readiness of an inborn culture and the picture was of the past, were constants in his youth. They moved from Lavitia to Siberia in Baltic State which developed after breakdown of Soviet Union as exile because of colonization. This prompted Tillers remarkable unexpected turnaround. (McCulloch 776) The work of art that Tiller showed in Melbourne, at a Gallery was his first to enter Diaspora assortment. This work included numerous references I. e. sections of pictures, pictures, images and words from in excess of twenty show-stoppers of eleven craftsmen from divergent workmanship sequential periods and different societies. Pierre Restany remarked: ‘The observer observes an unfurling of coded messages and mystery references, curses and parts of ex-votos, making up the motion, or rather the weave of aggregate memory. ’ (Rowley 192-193) Izkliede 1994 Izkliede 1994 was made in view of Australian observers. It made out of numerous little pictures like in Diaspora 1992. Tillers second workmanship has components in going up and descending in insecurities exhibitions; this can be interpreted as globe farther than the absolutely deliberate and levelheaded highlights of the real world. Rudolf Steiner has depicted it, ‘what is fundamental is the way that the perceptions free the spirit from reliance on the physical. ’ Izeklied can have many importance like a language. Insignia on the provocative matchbox image when it embraced by the Nazis made individuals pass on in millions, for more than 3000 years the image had been utilized in numerous societies represent life, sun and good karma. (Curnow 148) In Izklied there is Joseph Stalin’s head depicting political picture and is encircled by ill defined masses. At the point when this piece was shown in Sherman Galleries in 1994 it had a great deal of effect to the individuals who saw the piece. By the second Tillers painted his form the Cold War it had just finished. In Tillers title he proposes that numerous different fights were in the psyche of numerous individuals this incorporated the need to play it safe and ensure the encompassing all through the world. ‘Let us gangs one world, every ha one, and is one’ this composition on the piece gave it new vitality. (Curnow 148) Paradiso 1994 Paradiso 1994 is the third work of Tillers in Diaspora. Its setting was relations in a disconnected world. His third work was considering migrated individuals trust in another ‘promised land’ in the wake of experiencing different issues. This thought or however was never a reality however the uprooted individuals were liberated from everyday mastery in their own nation. The circumstance was exceptionally extreme in the nations they took asylum in as they attempted to go on with their lives. This belief system of heaven, is associated with confidence; wandered off, found and ached for. Tillers openings in Meka’s book and his words works ‘We are longing for bread and freedom We’ll dream a similar when we kick the bucket Hungry, detained, subjugated And dissipated over the substance of the earth’(Rowley, 192-193) Farewell for Reason 1996 In Farewell for Reason 1996, they are numerous mystery codes that talk about mortality and customs across assorted societies. In goodbye to reason reusing is seen in light of the boards on the upper left and right, in striking letters ‘see’ and ‘surf’. His adjustment of the words, for example, ‘surf’ a shortened form for ‘surfeit’ it has befouled and sacrosanct ramifications. This work was the keep going on Diaspora by Tillers. (Rowley 192-193) Finally Diaspora arrangement advocate that social, social and nearby specificities impact language and the way we think, contrast of culture is there for us to deal with it, conjunction is a technique of turning into that is unremittingly creating. (Curnow 48) Gordon Bennett and Peter Robin

20 Best Holiday Bulletin Board Door Ideas for 2018

20 Best Holiday Bulletin Board Door Ideas for 2018 Get the creative inspiration you need this holiday season with our top 20 teacher-approved classroom decor ideas. We've narrowed a list down to 20 examples of amazing holiday-themed classrooms. Teachers are just so darn creative! (What's your secret?!) That being said, here is a sampling of our favorite holiday bulletin boards and classroom doors. 1. Oh Deer! Christmas is Almost Here! Credit: simplykinder.com   2. It's A Sweet Christmas! Credit: supplyme.com   3. HO, HO, HO! Credit: simplysprouteducate.com   4. 'Tis the Season To be Reading Credit: supplyme.com   5. Gingerbread House Credit: my-ecoach.com   6. Menorah Credit: http://missvickysclass.com/   7. Fireplace Door Credit: aspiretoinspireblog.com   8. Ginger Bread House Door Credit: pinklover.snydle.com   9. Nutcracker Christmas Credit: seshell.com   10. Christmas Outfit Door Credit: diyandcraftscorner.com   11. Santa's Little Helpers Credit: 123learnonline.blogspot.com   12. We Wish You a Merry Christmas Credit: theclassroomcreative.com   13. Reading Makes You BRIGHT Credit: booksandneedlepoint.blogspot.com   14. Buddy the Elf Credit: Pinterest   15. Christmas, Hanukkah, Kwanzaa Credit: supplyme.com   16. Reindeer Barn Credit: librarycenters.blogspot.com   17. Santa's Sleigh Reindeer Credit: bulletinboardideas.org   18.Olaf Credit: psoriasisguru.com   19. Wrap Up With A Good Book Credit: librarylearners.com   20. Student Stockings Credit: mpmschoolsupplies.com   Thank you to every teacher who has dedicated so much towards creating the perfect holiday bulletin board and classroom door decoration. Your creativity shines yet again! Like these ideas? Be sure to check out our Pinterest Board below where we’ve collected all of these holiday bulletin board ideas. Did you get into the holiday decorating spirit in your classroom this year? Share your creations with us on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, and Google+.

Candide Quotes From Voltaires Novella

Voltaire offers his satirical view of society and nobility in Candide, a novel that was published first in France in 1759 and is often considered the authors most important work—representative of the Enlightenment period. Also known as Candide: or, the Optimist in its English translation, the novella begins with a young man being indoctrinated by optimism and follows the character as he faces the harsh reality outside of his protected upbringing. Ultimately, the work concludes that optimism must be approached realistically, as opposed to the indoctrinated approach of his Leibnizian teachers who thought all is for the best or best of all possible worlds. Read on to explore a few of the quotes from this great literary work below, in order of their appearance in the novella. The Indoctrination and Sheltered Beginnings of Candide Voltaire begins his satirical work with a not-too-kind observation of what we are taught is right in the world, from the idea of wearing glasses to the concept of being pantless, all under the lens of all is for the best: Observe that noses were made to wear spectacles, and so we have spectacles. Legs were visibly instituted to be breeched, and we have breeches. Stones were formed to be quarried and to build castles; and My Lord has a very noble castle; the greatest Baron in the province should have the best house; and as pigs were made to be eaten, we eat pork all year round; consequently, those who have asserted all is well talk nonsense; they ought to have said that all is for the best.—Chapter One But when Candide leaves his school and enters the world outside his safe home, he is confronted with armies, which he finds splendid as well, for different reasons: Nothing could be smarter, more splendid, more brilliant, better drawn up than two armies...Trumpets, fifes, hautboys, drums, cannons, formed a harmony such as never been heard in hell (Chapter Three). Bitingly, he comments in Chapter Four: If Columbus in an island of America had not caught the disease, which poisons the source of generation, and often indeed prevents generation, we should not have chocolate and cochineal. Later, he also adds that Men...must have corrupted nature a little, for they were not born wolves, and they have become wolves. God did not give them twenty-four-pounder cannons or bayonets, and they have made bayonets and cannons to destroy each other. On Ritual and Public Good As the character Candide explores more of the world, he observes the great irony of optimism, that it is a selfish act even as it is a selfless one to want more for the public good. In Chapter Four Voltaire writes ...and private misfortunes make the public good, so that the more private misfortunes there are, the more everything is well. In Chapter Six, Voltaire comments on the rituals performed in the local communities: It was decided by the University of Coimbra that the sight of several persons being slowly burned in great ceremony is an infallible secret for preventing earthquakes. This makes the character consider what could possibly be worse than that cruel form of ritual if the Leibnizian mantra held true: If this is the best of all possible worlds, what are the others? but later conceded that his teacher Pangloss deceived me cruelly when he said that all is for the best in the world. Involving Suffering Voltaires work had a tendency to discuss the taboo, to comment on the parts of society others dare not in more straightforward works than his satire. For this reason, Voltaire controversially  stated in Chapter Seven, A lady of honor may be raped once, but it strengthens her virtue, and later in Chapter 10 expanded on the idea of triumphing over worldly suffering as a personal virtue of Candide: Alas! My dear... unless you have been raped by two Bulgarians, stabbed twice in the belly, have had two castles destroyed, two fathers and mothers murdered before your eyes, and have seen two of your lovers flogged in an auto-da-fe, I do not see how you can surpass me; moreover, I was born a Baroness with seventy-two quarterings and I have been a kitchen wench. Further Questioning of Mans Value on Earth In Chapter 18, Voltaire once again visits the idea of ritual as a folly of mankind, jeering at the monks: What! Have you no monks to teach, to dispute, to govern, to intrigue and to burn people who do not agree with them? and later in Chapter 19 posits that Dogs, monkeys, and parrots are a thousand times less miserable than we are and The malevolence of men revealed itself to his mind in all of its ugliness. It was at this point that Candide, the character, realized that the world is almost wholly lost to some evil creature, but there is a practical optimism in being adaptable to what the world still offers in its limited goodness, as long as one realizes the truth of where mankind has come to: Do you think... that men have always massacred each other, as they do today? Have they always been liars, cheats, traitors, brigands, weak, flighty, cowardly, envious, gluttonous, drunken, grasping, and vicious, bloody, backbiting, debauched, fanatical, hypocritical, and silly?—Chapter 21 Closing Thoughts from Chapter 30 Ultimately, after years of travel and hardships, Candide asks the ultimate question: would it be better to die or to continue doing nothing: I should like to know which is worse, to be raped a hundred times by Negro pirates, to have a buttock cut off, to run the gauntlet among the Bulgarians, to be whipped and flogged in an auto-da-fà ©, to be dissected, to row in a  galley, in short, to endure all the miseries through which we have passed, or to remain here doing nothing?—Chapter 30 Work, it is, then, that Voltaire posits will keep the mind occupied from the eternal pessimism of reality, the understanding that all of mankind has been dominated by an evil creature bent on war and destruction rather than peace and creation for, as he puts it in Chapter 30,  Work keeps at bay three great evils: boredom, vice, and need. Let us work without theorizing, Voltaire says, ...tis  the only way to make life endurable.

The Theory Of The Human Development - 993 Words

Part 1: Of the four major psychological theories (ecological, behavioral, humanistic, psychoanalytic), which one(s) is/are most closely aligned with your personal belief system? All four major Psychological theories are very significant, but based on my reading about all of them, I can convey that the ecological theory is the most closely aligned with my personal belief system. Part 2: Why? I chose this theory because it states that a person’s development is influenced by everything in the surrounding environment, such as: family values, home, peers, school, and neighborhood, among others biological factors that play the dynamic roles in the human development. I will try to explain it in a more simply way†¦.and to be honest, I don’t truly like the way the books describes it. It was formulated by the renowned psychologist Urie Bronfenbrenner. The ecological systems theory embraces that we encounter diverse environments throughout our lifespan that may influence our behavior in varying points. These systems consist of different aspects or levels of the environment: the microsystem, the mesosystem, the exosystem and the macrosystem. The microsystem s setting is the direct surroundings, we have in our lives and it is the small, close environment a child subsists in. The ecological theory alleged that everything around a specific student cause influence in his behavior. As a teacher, we have little or no control over all the systems mentioned in this theory. However, we canShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Human Development Theory1642 Words   |  7 PagesHuman development theories are theories intended to account for how and why people become, as they are. These theories provide the framework to clarify and organize existing observations and to try to explain and predict human behavior. It is important to recognize the complexity of human development and the theories that explain human development. (Berger, pg. 23). The three theories that have influenced by development are Jean Piaget’s Cognitive Theory, Abraham Maslow’s Humanism and Erik Erikson’sRead MoreTheories And Theories Of Human Develop ment1337 Words   |  6 Pages10/11/17 Principles of Human Development Paper #1 The concepts and theories of human development are important for a school counselor to have knowledge on. Knowledge on these topics can aid the counselor in better understanding the circumstances of their students. There are three main developmental sections which will be discussed in this paper. Those three include physical development, cognitive development, and social development. Each section contains multiple theories and concepts that wouldRead MoreThe Theories Of Human Development774 Words   |  4 PagesTheories of Human development are relevant and matter in the â€Å"real world†. In my clinical practice as a psychologist-in-training, I have found human development theories to be very useful in conceptualizing and understanding my client’s distress. I used theoretical frameworks that are based on theories of human development to guide my interventions in therapy. For example, as a brief psychodynamic clinician, I look to Freud’s theory of anxiety to und erstand how distress was developed for my clientsRead MoreThe Theory Of Human Development1060 Words   |  5 PagesTheories of human development deliver a framework to deliberate human growth, development, and learning. Understanding the theories can deliver useful contents into individuals and society a set of principles and concepts that describe life span development. Development perspectives are the psychoanalytic theory, behavior theory, humanistic approach and cognitive theory. Each theory focuses on different aspects of human development. The psychoanalytic is â€Å"the approach stating that behavior is motivatedRead MoreThe Theory Of Human Development1196 Words   |  5 PagesAssociation 2009 define biopsychosocial as â€Å"the systematic integration of the biological, psychological and social approaches of the study of mental health and specific mental disorders (p.48).† The human lifespan is primary base of the human grow process that start with the reproduction , the process of the human body, the brain and internal organs that are developing during the pregnancy, birth, early, middle, and late childhood, adolescence, early, middle, and late adulthood until the end of life. AdditionallyRead MoreTheories Of Human Development1401 Words   |  6 PagesHuman development is an active process resulting from interactions between an individual and their environment. The processes involved in an individual’s development and overall life outcomes are complex, everchanging, and unique. Given the complexity of human development, the central tenets of my professional conceptual foundation of development include biological factors inherent in the individual, psychological influences, and social interactions. Thus, my professional perspective can best beRead MoreThe Theory Of Human Development2064 Words   |  9 PagesThe life span theories is about four different theories; the psychoanalytic, behaviourism, cognitive and humanistic. Erikson has some similarities with Freud however it is extremely different in other ways. Rather than Erikson focusing on sexual interest as a driving force in development, he believed that social interaction and experience played a decisive role. Erikson has an eight stage theory of human development which describes the process from birth to death and the crisis of each stage bringsRead MoreThe Theory Of Human Development2240 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction The concept of human development has been explored and researched by many psychologists and scholars for centuries through the entire human history. The research done by this group of people has found out a lot about human development. This is a topic that concerns every member of the society and that’s why researchers are interested in it. Development is a topic that can be viewed from different angles. For instance, there are economists who understand human development based on a person’sRead MoreThe Theory Of Human D evelopment Essay1627 Words   |  7 PagesHuman ‘development’ does not exist in stasis – it is constantly in flux. The outcomes of human development are intrinsically linked to overarching power structures, and include psychological dimensions including social recognition. Thus, ‘development’ is dynamic and highly contextualised – it is governed by socio-economic class, domestic politics, geographical location, and the wider institutional context. Working within a particular framework requires acknowledging that concepts of human developmentRead MoreHuman Development Theories Essay1649 Words   |  7 PagesHuman Development Theories In addition to Freud’s psychodynamic theory there are four other human development philosophies; biological, cognitive, behavioral and systems model. Even though these theories differ they all contain the same basic assumptions. People will continue to grow. People exhibit both stability and flux as they pass through life. People are holistic, of mind body and spirit. Lastly, individual people must be understood in the context of relationships and setting (Cash White,

Coping with Death Free Essays

Existentialists and intellectuals relatively have similar views about certain things. Existentialists are intellectuals while some intellectuals can be existentialists. However, there are instances when their philosophies can reveal differences which make them stand out and identify themselves. We will write a custom essay sample on Coping with Death or any similar topic only for you Order Now This paper aims to discuss how one is likely to cope with the issue of death in an existential and intellectual point of view. Coping with Death Death has been the most absolute event that is bound to happen to human beings even before they were born. It is one constant thing that will be waiting at the end no matter how well or bad we live our lives. Throughout life, there are inevitable instances when we are forced to cope with the death of someone, whether a stranger’s, relative’s, or plainly, the thought of ours. Since existential views root from the idea of existentialism and intellectual views from intellectualism, let us first identify the distinction between these two philosophies. One of the most famous existentialists in history is the French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre. He defined existentialism as a philosophy which focuses on the existence of man alone and not on his essence or for any other purpose. He argued that man exists without meaning or definition. However, he stated that essence and meaning only manifest later in our lives. It is through our decisions that we come to begin the definition of our existence (Earnshaw, 2006, p. 74). Clearly, it is evident in his argument that religion is out of the picture. In the book Existentialism, Steven Earnshaw quoted Sartre’s (2006) claim: If man as the existentialist sees him is not definable, it is because to begin with he is nothing. He will not be anything until later, and then he will be what he makes of himself (p. 74). Based on the definition by Sartre, it is now reasonable to say that existentialists view death as something that just happens without any meaning at all. If we are to cope with it existentially, it can be claimed that death is a fearful event because it does not provide a sensible reason. It does not label our meaning; rather, death ends it. On the other hand, there are also existential arguments with regard to death which claims that death is necessary to remind us of â€Å"possibilities. † Without death, one would not be obliged to be cautious in his/her decisions because that individual has all the time in the world to do them in â€Å"trial and error. † Now, we move on to intellectualism. This philosophy is actually quite self-explanatory in nature. An intellectual acts in accordance to reason. Similar to existentialism, intellectualism also disregards the involvement of religion, for religion is based on faith which is unfounded with solid evidences. Nonetheless, intellectuals can have different ways of coping with death. Since reason is more complex than the idea of â€Å"existence comes first† by Sartre, intellectuals can vary in their opinion of death. As for me, if I am to cope with death intellectually, I can start off by going back to the theory of evolution. As rational and mortal animals, we are capable of deteriorating because of several conditions such as diseases, old age, natural disaster, etc. Hence, death is a cycle which is scientifically normal and inevitable. Most likely, if one is to view the concept of death either existentially or intellectually, he or she is still subject to fear its arrival. However, there is a loophole in both of the arguments because the root of our existence is still questionable. They can bring up the Big Bang or the Theory of Evolution, but as far as I am concerned, there is no solid evidence of the first inhabitants on earth. As long as theories have not been proved with concrete evidence, there is no way that we can reach the answers about life and death. In any case, existentialism and intellectualism do not provide the perfect way to cope with issues like death. What they can only provide is the flailing argument that we are considered materials which have the capability to break down and crash at any point in time. Would it not be better to accept death knowing that something unimaginable is waiting for us? How to cite Coping with Death, Papers

Animal Testing (897 words) Essay Example For Students

Animal Testing (897 words) Essay Animal TestingTraditionally, animals have been used to ensure the safety of our consumerproducts and drugs. Yet around the world, scientists, regulators and animalprotectionists work together to develop alternatives to their use. The use ofanimals in the life sciences dates back to ancient Greece and the earliestmedical experiments. To learn about swallowing, physicians cut open into thethroat of a living pig. To study the beating heart, they cut open into its chest. For centuries physicians and researchers used animals to enhance theirknowledge about how the various organs and systems of the bodyfunctioned, as well as to hone their surgical skills. As long as animals havebeen used in experiments, people have expressed concerns about suchresearch. Questions about the morality, necessity, and scientific validity ofanimal experiments have arisen since those ancient physicians first began tostudy bodily functions. Alternatives are methods, which refine existing tests byminimizing animal distress, reduce the number of animals necessary for anexperiment or replace whole animal use with vitro or other tests. Whilevivisection has received more attention and funding, clinical andepidemiological (studying the natural course of disease within humanpopulation) studies have had a much more profound impact on human health. In fact, clinical and epidemiological evidence linking smoking to lung cancerwas established long before warnings of the dangers of smoking werereleased to the general public. Because animal experimentation failed to eachthe same conclusion, warning labels on cigarettes were delayed for years!During this time hundreds of people died from lung cancer because the resultsof animal experimentation were considered more valid than studies of humanpatients. Animal based research is the science of the past. There are anumber of alternatives available to modern researchers, which are lessexpensive, more reliable, and ethically sound. They provide results rapidly,experimental parameters are easily controlled, and their focus on the cellularand molecular levels of the life process provides more useful informationabout chemicals and drugs. High Productive Volume Tests, test a minimalamount of a product on an abundant amount of animals. Two hundred babyrats, just three weeks old are placed in wi re bottomed stainless steelcages. Twice daily Monday thru Friday, laboratory workers pull the smallmammals from their cages, force steel clamps into their mouths to hold theirjaws apart and swab their teeth with an anti cavity dental chemical. Afterthree weeks, the workers kill the baby rats by cutting off their teeth. Theprocedures are called Biological Tests for Tests Flouride Dentifrices and:Determination of Animal Carries Reduction puzzling terms to most of us. But the meaning is deadly to animals. The officials who order this test workfor the U. S. government s FDA has made exceptions for manufacturers,including Toms of Maine, that wanted to market new toothpastes withoutany tests on animals. If some companies can manufacture safe, effective anti cavity toothpastes without using any animals, why cant all dental productcompanies stop killing animals? Philosopher Jeremy Bentham sounded therallying cry for animals everywhere: The question is not, can they reason, norcan they talk, but can they suffer? The Animal Welfare Act sets standardsfor the housing, handling, feeding, and transportation of experimental animals,but places no limitations whatsoever on the actual experimental conditionsand procedures continue to challenge, whether human beings have the right touse animals for any purpose. The HPV Program sounds so important,right? Wrong! Because no resulting action will be taken against the chemicalsinvolved in this program. Instead of prot ecting the public from hazardouschemicals, the EPA will inform us of how quickly mice and rabbits died whenforce fed a chemical, or how many mouse pups were stillborn after theirmother was force fed massive quantities of already known toxic chemicals. .ub0e57ebccfc0085c9d495c335606572b , .ub0e57ebccfc0085c9d495c335606572b .postImageUrl , .ub0e57ebccfc0085c9d495c335606572b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub0e57ebccfc0085c9d495c335606572b , .ub0e57ebccfc0085c9d495c335606572b:hover , .ub0e57ebccfc0085c9d495c335606572b:visited , .ub0e57ebccfc0085c9d495c335606572b:active { border:0!important; } .ub0e57ebccfc0085c9d495c335606572b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub0e57ebccfc0085c9d495c335606572b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub0e57ebccfc0085c9d495c335606572b:active , .ub0e57ebccfc0085c9d495c335606572b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub0e57ebccfc0085c9d495c335606572b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub0e57ebccfc0085c9d495c335606572b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub0e57ebccfc0085c9d495c335606572b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub0e57ebccfc0085c9d495c335606572b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub0e57ebccfc0085c9d495c335606572b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub0e57ebccfc0085c9d495c335606572b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub0e57ebccfc0085c9d495c335606572b .ub0e57ebccfc0085c9d495c335606572b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub0e57ebccfc0085c9d495c335606572b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Sylvan Island EssayEvery medical advancement has not been a result of animal testing. Resultsderived from animal experiments have had a very minimal effect on thedramatic rise of life expectancy can be attributed mainly to changes inlifestyles, environmental factors, and improvements in sanitation. Manymedical schools in the U. S. do not use animals in the training of medicalstudents. They include: NYU, University of Michigan, and SUNYStonybrook. Actually, most of the medical schools which do use animalsallow students the option of foregoing the animal labs. This is because theyclearly acknowledge that such labs are not necessary for the training ofdoctors. When a newly re leased drug hits the market, regardless of howmany animal tests have been done, those individuals who first use it arehuman guinea pigs. Animal tests are not good indicators of what will occurin humans. It has been due, in large part , to the tension between researcherswho view laboratory animals as essential to their work and individuals whooppose animal tests that the modern alternatives movement has evolved. Themovement began quietly, in 1959, with the publication of The Principles ofHumane Experimental Technique by British researchers W. Russell and R. Burch. Russell and Burch advocated the three Rs of replacement,reduction, and refinement. In the 1980s and 1990s, their philosophy hasenabled researchers and animal welfare advocates to come together with acommon goal: to find scientifically valid alternatives to animal tests. Inconclusion, as proven by the Toms of Maine Co., and with the approval ofthe FDA, products can be marketed without the immoral practices of animalcruelty. As a form of life, animals acquire natural rights, one being the right tolive, not to be exploited and exposed to pain. As best said by animal activistJon Evans: To inflict cruelties on defenseless creatures, or condone suchacts, is to abuse one of the cardinal tenets of a civilized society reverencefor life. Speech and Communications